The Molecular Clock in Terms of Quantum Information Processing of Coherent States, Entanglement and Replication of Evolutionarily Selected Decohered Isomers

摘要

Evolutionary pressures have selected quantum uncertainty limits — DELTA x DELTA px >=1/2h-to operate on metastable amino DNA protons. This introduces a probability of molecular clock arrangement, keto-amino -> enol-imine, where product protons are entangled and participate in coupled quantum oscillation at frequencies of ~ 10~(13)s~(-1). The ket "seen by" the transcriptase, reading a coherent enol-imine G'-state, is |phi >= a + + > +beta| + -> +gamma| - + > +delta|->. The transcriptase implements its measurement and generates an output qubit of observable genetic specificity information in an interval At C 10~(-13) s. These quantum measurements can specify the relative distribution of coherent G'-C states at time of measurement. The ensuing quantum entanglement between coherent protons and transcriptase units is utilized as a resource to generate proper decoherence and introduce selected time-dependent substitutions, ts, and deletions, td. Topal-Fresco ts are G'202 -> T, G'002 -> C, *G020° A and *C202~2 -> T, whereas td are exhibited at coherent *A-*T sites. Variation in clock 'tic-rate' is a consequence of clock introduction of initiation codons - UUG, CUG, AUG, GUG - and stop codons, UAA, UAG, UGA. Using approximate quantum methods for timest <- 100 y, the probability, P(t), of keto-amino -> enol-imine arrangement is P_P(t) = l/2(gamma p/h)~2t~2 where gamma P is the energy shift. This introduces a quantum Darwinian evolution model which provides insight into biological consequences of coherent states populating human genes, including inherited (CAG)_n repeat tracts.