Use of long-term experiments to determine the impact ofagrotechnical management practices in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) production

摘要

The impact of agrotechnical management practices (nutrient and water supply, crop rotation, plant density, crop protection, genotype) on the yields of winter wheat and maize and on the soil water and nutrient cycles was studied in long-term experiments set up in 1983 in Eastern Hungary on chernozem soil. The long-term experiments have shown that nitrogen fertilizer rates exceeding the N-optimum of winter wheat resulted in the accumulation of N03-N in the soil. Winter wheat varieties can be classifiedinto four groups based on their natural nutrient utilization and their fertilizer response. Results of the polyfactorial long-term experiment indicated that fertilization, crop rotation, crop protection and irrigation accounted for 50%, 28%, 16% and 2%,respectively, of the variation in yield of winter wheat (8.4-10.0 t ha~(-1)). The relative contribution of fertilization, crop rotation, irrigation and plant density in determining maize yields (11.5-12.71 ha~(-1)ere 39%, 28%, 14% and 7%, respectively.