Molecular identification and genetic improvement vis-a-vis comparison of yield and quality in different generations of Erianthus arundinaceus, E. bengalense and Saccharum spontaneum cyto-nuclear genome introgressed sugarcane

摘要

The cytoplasmic and nuclear genomic diversity in commercially cultivated sugarcane varieties over the world is derived from few basic species clones of Saccharum complex. To impart new cytoplasmic and nuclear genome in sugarcane hybrids, untapped wild species of S. spontaneum (S), Erianthus arundinaceus (E) and E. bengalense (Eb) were utilized to produce E. arundinaceus x S. spontaneum (ES), S. spontaneum x E. arundinaceus (SE) and S. spontaneum x E. benglense (SEb) hybrids (H). These resulting hybrids were repeatedly used as pistil parent and crossed with commercial sugarcane varieties for one (G(1)) to four (G(4)) generations to produce an array of hybrids. Seventy such different generation (G(1), G(2), G(3) & G(4)) derived hybrids were evaluated for juice quality and yield contributing traits at 300 and 360 d after planting during 2010-11 and 2011-12 in augmented block design layout along with standard sugarcane varieties. The presence of E. arundinaceus cytoplasmic DNA was validated in intergeneric hybrids by PCR-RFLP of the amplified chloroplast DNA for psbC-trnS segment. SEH and SEbH category G(1) hybrids were superior over ESH hybrids for juice quality, while G(2) hybrids could not show any difference. ESH G(3) hybrids recorded more than 50% and 90% improvement over ESH G(1) hybrids for juice quality (CCS %, sucrose %, brix %) and single stalk weight (SSW), respectively. Performances of ESH G3 and SEH G(4) hybrids were comparable and some E. arundinaceus cytoplasm introgressed hybrids performed at par with standard sugarcane varieties for yield and quality traits. Further utilization of these near commercial wild genome introgressed hybrids in breeding programme may lead to development of genetically diversified sugarcane varieties.