Establishment of the avian disease vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) on the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

摘要

Avian disease has been implicated as a major factor in the decline of the endemic Hawaiian avifauna [Warner 1968, Van Riper et al. 1986, 2002, Atkinson et al. 2000, Yorinks & Atkinson 2000), The introduction into Hawaii of avian pox Avipoxvirus spp.,avian malaria Plasmodium relictum and a suitable vector, the Southern House Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Hardy 1960), are thought to be the mechanisms driving this decline (Van Riper & Scott 2001, Van Riper et al. 2002). C. quinquefasciatusis a cyclopropagative vector (in which the pathogen undergoes further development and multiplication) for avian malaria, and a mechanical vector (in which the pathogen is carried on or in mouthparts, legs, etc., but does not undergo further developmentor multiplication) for avian pox in Hawaii. The endemic birds of Hawaii are more susceptible to both of these pathogens than are introduced birds (Atkinson et al. 2000, Yorinks & Atkinson 2000, Van Riper et al. 2002).