In Germany, only recommendations for MAP-control are in place at a national level, leading to a high diversity of control approaches with a mandatory programme in one and voluntary programmes in six federal states. In most of them, no certificates areissued once a certain MAP-status is reached so certification does not come with an economic benefit, hampering participation. Substantial differences in apparent between-herd MAP-prevalence across regions have been identified recently, rangingdrom 3 inregion south and up to 41 in region east. These different situations call for a flexible MAP-control programme, which serves different aims, including on-farm prevalence reduction as well as the prevention of between-herd spreading of the disease. On one hand, to determine the status of a herd and the prevalence situation of an area, a lowcost and on the other hand low work-intensive diagnostic scheme should be implemented, consisting of a two-step approach: - Step 1 - an obligatory herd-level monitoring and Step 2 - a voluntary option to implement on-farm control measures. In future, repeated herd-level testing should be used for MAP-certification when the system sensitivity of the testing scheme, as well as the probability of disease introduction in a herd are known, to calculate the probability of freedom from disease of a herd.
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