Paratuberculosis (PTB) is widely distributed in cattle in Spain, although its main impact occurs in small ruminants where vaccination has kept it under control since the 1970s. Last and best bovine PTB estimates date back to the 2014 slaughterhouse survey estimating 46.7% individual prevalence by histopathology and 39.1% by tissue PCR. This paper reports again on the comparison between PTB vaccination (VS) and test and culling (TCS) control strategies on faecal shedding. Both VS and TCS reduced PTB prevalence in 10 years. However, the VS decrease was faster, without manageable interference with the bTB programme, costs were lower and it improved replacer survival by 35%. Thus, vaccination appears to be a highly efficient strategy for PTB control interms of epidemiologic and economic interests, which makes it totally self-sustainable and easily accepted by practitioners and producers. It appears to be a good time for reconsidering its use and to make a big difference in'stopping production losses and allay public health concerns.
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