Anti-glaucoma medication exposure in pregnancy: an observational study and literature review.

摘要

BACKGROUND: there are limited data about the effects of anti-glaucoma drugs on pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to observe pregnancies exposed to anti-glaucoma medications. METHODS: six pregnant glaucomatous patients referred to the glaucoma clinic after their first trimesters were advised to continue their medications. In one patient who was on oral acetazolamide, the drug was substituted with topical medications. In the last month of pregnancy acetazolamide was started and all topical medications were stopped. The control group comprised 24 individuals with no systemic disease or exposure to medications and with comparable age and gestational age on delivery. Pregnancy and delivery complications, Apgar scores at one and five minutes, birth weight, congenital anomalies and psychophysical development of children up to two years of age were evaluated. RESULTS: the mean age of the patients was 28.17 years with mean gestational age on delivery of 38.80 weeks. Low birth weight was more common in the case group (p = 0.041). No other side-effects were observed. The one-minute Apgar scores were nine in all newborns and improved to 10 at five minutes. The psychophysical development of all children was normal up to two years after birth. CONCLUSIONS: analysis of pregnancy outcome of six mothers taking topical glaucoma medications showed no adverse effects apart from a small but statistically significant increased risk of having low birth weight.