Preterm infants have an immature antioxidant system; however, they frequently require supplemental oxygen. Oxygen-free radicals cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, and they are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Consequently, screening of metabolite profiles representing the amount of lipid peroxidation is considered of great relevance for the evaluation of in vivo oxidative stress and derived inflammation and damage. Ranges for total relative contents of isoprostanes (IsoPs), isofurans (IsoFs), neuroprostanes (NeuroPs), and neurofurans (NeuroFs) within targeted SpO(2) ranges were determined in urine samples of 254 preterm infants <32 weeks of gestation within the frame of two randomized, controlled, and blinded clinical trials employing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 536 serial urine samples collected during the first 4 weeks after birth in recruited infants who did not develop free radical associated conditions were analyzed. A reference range for lipid peroxidation byproducts, including isoprostanes, isofurans, neuroprostanes, and neurofurans, was calculated and possible correlations with neonatal conditions were investigated. Urinary elimination of isofurans in the first 4 days after birth correlated with later development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Our observations lead to the hypothesis that early urinary determination of lipid peroxidation byproducts, especially isofurans, is relevant to predict development of chronic lung conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 178-184.
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