Possible influence of probiotic adhesion to intestinal mucosa on the activity and morphology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) enterocytes

摘要

Recent studies have suggested that probiotics can adhere to the intestinal mucus (Kim & Austin 2006; Newaj-Fyzul, Adesiyunz, Mutani, Ramsudhag, Brunt & Austin 2007) and mucosa (Aubin, Gatesoupe, Labbe & Lebrun 2005; Merrifield, Bradley, Baker, Dimitroglou & Davies 2009; Merrifield, Bradley, Baker & Davies 2009; Merrifield, Bradley, Harper, Baker, Munn & Davies 2009) of fish during periods of supplemental feeding. However, to the authors' knowledge, no investigations have used electron microscopy (EM) to investigate possible adherence patterns. The presence of intestinal microbiota in the fish gut is well documented and has been demonstrated to influence gastric development, differentiation and integrity (Rawls, Samuel & Gordon 2004; Bates, Mittge, Kuhlman, Baden, Cheesman & Guillemin 2006; Ring?, Myklebust, Mayhew & Olsen 2007). Additionally, it has been shown recently that probiotics may improve microvilli morphology of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858) (De Rodrigánez, Díaz-Rosales, Chabrillón, Smidt, Arijo, León-Rubio, Alarcón, Balebona, Morinigo, Cara & Moyano 2009). De Rodrigánez and colleagues demonstrated that dietary potential probiotics, belonging to the Alteromonadaceae family, appeared to improve microvilli length of juvenile Senegalese sole after administration for 60 days. Recent in vitro probiotic studies (Ring?, Salinas, Olsen, Nyhaug, Myklebust & Mayhew 2007; Salinas, Myklebust, Esteban, Olsen, Meseguer, & Ring? 2008) and in vivo prebiotic studies (Dimitroglou, Merrifield, Moate, Davies, Spring, Sweetman & Bradley 2009) which have demonstrated that such applications may influence the salmonid intestinal morphology. However, to the authors' knowledge, no in vivo studies have assessed the effect of probiotics on the microvilli morphology of salmonids.