Energy Approach to the Problem of Calculating the Stresses at the Initial Stages of Plastic Deformation of Crystalline Substances and the Appearance of Structural Defects

摘要

The critical shear stress and its temperature dependence are calculated for 12 simple substances with different structures and types of bonding. The shear stress for stage II-III of deformation of single crystals (τ~(II-III)) and σ_(0,y), i.e., the Hall- Petch relation extrapolated to an infinitely large grain size, are estimated. The energy of formation of lattice defects (vacancies) is calculated using a proposed expression. The results of calculation of the elastic shear energy of a matrix and regions with a high elastic anisotropy are used to estimate the role of elastic anisotropy in lattice stability and fracture. The calculated and experimental results agree satisfactorily with each other.