Field performance of Solarium sisymbriifolium, a trap crop for potato cyst nematodes. I. Dry matter accumulation in relation to sowing time, location, season and plant density

摘要

Solatium sisymbriifolium is an interesting trap crop to control potato cyst nematodes. A series of field experiments was carried out in the Netherlands between 2001 and 2003 to test its performance under field conditions. Experimental factors includedsowing time, sowing density and site. Rate of germination, plant establishment and change over time in light interception were monitored. Growth analysis was performed at 7 and 14 weeks after emergence, and dry weight of component plant parts was determined. Time to 50% emergence was 36-38 days for planting at early April and declined to minimum values of ca 8-11 days when planting took place in June, July or the first week of August. When planted later, time to 50% germination increased again. Time to50% light interception showed a similar trend with sowing time; minimum time was 35-40 days for planting between June and half of July. Planting before May did not advance crop growth. Crop performance was very variable across years and sites when planted later than the end of July to beginning of August. Dry matter accumulation up to 400 g m~(-2) was found at 7 weeks after emergence and up to 1040 g m~(-2) after 14 weeks. At 7 weeks after emergence, dry matter production increased with planting density (range 50-400 m~(-2)), but no statistically significant differences were found after 14 weeks. A seed rate of 100 m~(-2) seems generally sufficient. Radiation use efficiency was 1.69 g MJ~(-1) PAR (SE = 0.0208). Dry matter accumulation (2002-2003) wassomewhat higher in Wageningen (51°58'N) on light sandy soil than in Flevoland (52°31'N) on clay soil and in Drenthe (52°51'N) on reclaimed peat soil. It is concluded that above-ground growth of S. sisymbriifolium in the Netherlands is adequate if planted between early May and the end of July.