Evolution of calling songs as multicomponent signals in crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Eneopterinae)

摘要

Calling songs of crickets are multi-component signals that serve several purposes in the species biology. The multiple functions of calling songs reflect the multiple selective forces shaping signal parameters. We test several predictions about signal evolution at a phylogenetic scale, taking into account the way signals are produced and used. We addressed these predictions in a diverse cricket clade, the Eneopterinae subfamily, using an independently derived phylogeny. Acoustic analyses of the calling songs of 24 eneopterine species permitted the definition of 35 acoustic characters describing the spectral and temporal properties of the songs. These characters proved informative for their phylogenetic content. Our main conclusions were that eneopterine calling songs have evolved as multiple independent characters (atomised evolution hypothesis), although they partly depended on the influence of emitting structures. They experienced a general tendency toward more information delivered per unit time and were driven toward equivalent temporal patterns through the combined action of inheritance from ancestors, parallelism and character convergence.