Study on preparation and properties of agricultural waste bagasse eco-type bio-flame-retardant/epoxy composites

摘要

We used agricultural waste bagasse as a flame retardant to improve the flammability problem of epoxy. A ring-opening reaction was conducted on the hydroxyl group of bagasse and the epoxy of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) to form TGIC-bagasse. Subsequently, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was incorporated, and the active hydrogen of DOPO reacted with the epoxy group of TGIC to form bagasse@TGIC@DOPO, and this flame retardant was introduced to the epoxy matrix to prepare a composite material with an interpenetrating network (IPN) structure. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL-94, thermal analysis-FT-IR (TA-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to identify structural, thermal, and flame-retardant properties and toxicity and char analysis. The TGA results revealed that the char yield increased from 14.1 mass% of epoxy to 23.4 mass% after bagasse@TGIC@DOPO was added, thereby improving the thermal stability of compound materials. The LOI and UL-94 indicated that after adding, the LOI and UL-94 improved from 21 (fail) to 29 (V-0). These results revealed that epoxy/bagasse@TGIC@DOPO IPN composite material had a strong flame-retardant effect.