Genome, transcriptome and proteome: the rise of omics data and their integration in biomedical sciences

摘要

Advances in the technologies and informatics used to generate and process large biological data sets (omics data) are promoting a critical shift in the study of biomedical sciences. While genomics, transcriptomics and proteinomics, coupled with bioinformatics and biostatistics, are gainingmomentum, they are still, for the most part, assessed individually with distinct approaches generatingmonothematic rather than integrated knowledge. As other areas of biomedical sciences, including metabolomics, epigenomics and pharmacogenomics, aremoving towards the omics scale, we are witnessing the rise of interdisciplinary data integration strategies to support a better understanding of biological systems and eventually the development of successful precisionmedicine. This review cuts across the boundaries between genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, summarizing how omics data are generated, analysed and shared, and provides an overview of the current strengths and weaknesses of this global approach. This work intends to target students and researchers seeking knowledge outside of their field of expertise and fosters a leap fromthe reductionist to the global-integrative analytical approach in research.