Ru Nanoparticles Immobilized on Montmorillonite by Ionic Liquids: A Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Benzene

摘要

The design of nanocomposites consisting of functional metals and different matrices is a promising research area for the fabrication of a variety of catalysts, adsorbents, and optical and electrical devices. Montmorillonite (MMT), which is a type of naturally occurring clay, can be structurally defined as layers of negatively charged two-dimensional silicate sheets that are separated by interlayer cationic species with a high exchange ability for other cations.[1] Such layered materials have been used as host materials for the preparation of composites and have potential applications in catalysis, separation, and the optical and electrical fields.[2] For example, Pd nanoparticles deposited on MMT with surfactants exhibit a high selectivity for the partial hydrogenation of 1-phenyl-1-pentyne to 1-phenyl-cis-1-pentene,[3] and Sc3+-exchanged MMT has been demonstrated to function as an efficient catalyst for the Michael reaction.[4] For MMT-based catalysts, the catalytic nanoparticles are generally intercalated into the interlayer spaces or deposited on the outer surfaces of MMT with the aid of surfactants or polymers.[3], [5]