Increasing adaptation potential of orchard agroecosystem using AVA fertilizer.

摘要

Application of a new complex fertilizer AVA (AGROVIT, St. Petersburg) for apple (cv. Idared) and plum (cv. Stanley) cultivation was studied in the Krasnodar region, Russia in 2001-02. AVA is composed of a high-temperature melt of elements and does not have a crystalline structure. It includes up to 95% of metaphosphates of potassium, calcium and magnesium and the microelements boron, silicon, iron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese and selenium. This slow release fertilizer is active for 2.5-3.0 years after application. Granular and powder forms of the fertilizer were applied at 30 g per tree. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) was used as standard (40 g per tree). Data on Venturia inaequalis prevalence on apples, effect of fertilizers on damage caused by rose leafhoppers [Edwardsiana rosae] and spider mite [Tetranychus urticae], shoot length and leaf cover of apple and plum are tabulated. AVA application decreased V. inaequalis prevalence, and damage caused by rose leafhopper and spider mite, compared with the standard treatment. AVA in both granular and powder form increased shoot length and leaf cover in apple by 16-22 and 23-26%, respectively, in the first year after application. No differences in growth parameters were observed in the second year. In plums, the best results were obtained using granular AVA (there were no differences in the first year but the in the second year average shoot length was 11% greater and leaf cover similar to the standard treatment).