Histological structure of the food canal in Nematocera (Diptera) imago head. 1. Limoniidae, Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Ptychopteridae, Psychodidae [Russian]

摘要

The representatives of all 5 Nematocera families have a well-developed cibarium supplied with a paired muscle the cibarial dilator. The cephalic portion of the stomodeum is subdivided into the pharynx and oesophagus. In all the species studied, except Psychoda, a pronounced sphincter is located between the pharynx and oesophagus. The pharynx has sclerotized walls, three-radial lumen and is fully devoid of intrinsic circular muscles (except Ptychoptera). There are precebral and postcerebral pharynx dilators. Since the latter developed better than the former, all the species are "posteriorly pumping" dipterans. In limoniidae and Tipulidae, all dilators are composed of numerous muscular fibers. The latter are less numerous in some dilators of Trichocera and Ptychoptera, whereas in Psychoda different dilators consist of 1 to 3 muscular fibers. In addition, in Psychoda all muscular fibers of dilators belong to the close-packed type. Some of the above specific features of muscular fibers in the Psychoda food canal are suggested to the small size of psychoid midges.