On correctness of the two-level model for description of active medium in quantum plasmonics

摘要

In order to simplify the theoretical description of spasers, a gain medium is commonly represented by a two-level system (TLS). A realistic model, however, should have four levels. By using the Lindblad equations we develop a description of such a system and show that depending on ratios of the Rabi frequency and the rate of relaxation of the polarization, a four-level system (FLS) may be reduced to one of two effective TLSs that reproduce the key properties of a FLS.