MOLECULAR DETERMINATION OF KLEPTOPLAST ORIGINS FROM THE SEA SLUG PLAKOBRANCHUS OCELLATUS (SACOGLOSSA, GASTROPODA) REVEALS CRYPTIC BRYOPSIDALEAN (CHLOROPHYTA) DIVERSITY IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

摘要

The sacoglossan sea slug species complex Plakobranchus ocellatus is a common algivore throughout the tropical Pacific, including the Hawaiian Islands. Plakobranchusocellatus is kleptoplasticit sequesters and retains algal chloroplastsa characteristic that can be exploited to molecularly characterize diminutive bryopsidalean algae that are typically difficult to locate, collect, and identify. Previous DNA barcode analyses of both P.ocellatus and its kleptoplasts have been conducted primarily in the western Pacific and have only minimally sampled the most eastern populations in the Hawaiian Islands. Using two chloroplast markers, rbcL and tufA, kleptoplast samples from an Oahu population of P.ocellatus were amplified and cloned to identify their algal sources. Plakobranchusocellatus sequester chloroplasts from up to 11 bryopsidalean algal species, all but one being diminutive in thallus size. Notably, eight of the detected algal species were new records to the Hawaiian Islands. A sequestration preference study demonstrated that the Oahu population of P.ocellatus preferentially sequesters chloroplasts from diminutive, epilithic taxa. Using coxI barcoding of P.ocellatus, we showed the Oahu population to be part of a clade that includes sequences from the neighboring island Maui, Australia, and the Philippines. The use of P.ocellatus as a novel sampling tool allows the exploration of the green algal community diversity and composition at a fine scale.