How Research on Stakeholder Perspectives Can Inform Policy on Cognitive Enhancement

摘要

In his analysis, Dubljevi? (2013) argues for a moderately liberal public policy on cognitive enhancement that is based on the evidence regarding harm profiles of substances. Based on his analysis of relevant characteristics of methylphenidate and amphetamine, the author suggests that extended-release forms of methylphenidate may be acceptable. In contrast, amphetamine and instant-release forms of methylphenidate should be prohibited given the "the danger of abuse, and especially the threats of addiction, increased aggression, and erratic and violent behavior [that] make their use a potential danger to others" (31). While we agree with the case-by-case approach, we argue that public policies on cognitive enhancement should not only be based on an assessment of benefits and harms of the substances but also be informed by evidence on the perceptions and views of the groups that are affected by cognitive enhancement (i.e., stakeholders). Our approach is based on socioempirical work that 1) supports the role of stakeholders in developing and evaluating public policies, 2) examines the perspectives of stakeholders regarding cognitive enhancement, and- 3) helps integrate the complexity of values in policymaking consistent with a moderate liberal approach.