Wind tunnel observations of weak and strong snow saltation dynamics

Paterna E.; Crivelli P.; Lehning M.

摘要

Abstract >Theoretical considerations suggest that saltation dynamics is dominated by either aerodynamic entrainment or by a combination of ejection and rebound at a given time and location. Calling these two regimes “weak” and “strong” saltation, respectively, we have investigated high‐resolution snow mass flux measurements by shadowgraphy in a cold wind tunnel to determine whether these two regimes can be experimentally reproduced. In this contribution, we first suggest that aerodynamic entrainment should lead to a negative correlation in the growth rates of horizontal versus vertical mass fluxes, while for the ejection regime, a positive correlation is plausible. Based on this criterion, we find evidence of weak and strong saltation in our data. Weak saltation is characterized by smaller peaks of horizontal mass flux; however, these peaks have a higher growth rate and therefore are typically narrow. The larger peaks are associated with strong saltation, are wider, and their frequency of occurrence increases with increasing overall saltation mass flux. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >理论考虑表明，盐化动态由空气动力学夹带或通过弹射和组合主导在特定时间和地点反弹。呼吁这两个制度“弱”和“强烈”盐酸化，我们已经通过阴影隧道描绘了高分辨率的雪地质量磁通测量，以确定这两个制度是否可以通过实验再现。在这一贡献中，我们首先建议空气动力学夹带应导致水平与垂直质量通量的生长速率导致负相关，而对于弹出方案，阳性相关性是合理的。基于这一标准，我们发现我们的数据中疲软和强烈盐化的证据。弱盐的特征在于水平质量磁通量较小的峰;然而，这些峰具有较高的生长速率，因此通常窄。较大的峰与强盐化有关，较宽，它们的发生频率随着总体盐盐质量通量的增加而增加。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-34664/'>《Journal of geophysical research. Earth Surface: JGR》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2017年第9期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共16页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Paterna E.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Paterna E.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Crivelli P.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Crivelli P.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lehning M.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Lehning M.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos Switzerland;</p> <p>WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos Switzerland;</p> <p>WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos Switzerland;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span>TP79:P3; </span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=sediment transport&option=203" rel="nofollow">sediment transport;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=snow&option=203" rel="nofollow">snow;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=wind tunnel&option=203" rel="nofollow">wind tunnel;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=image analysis&option=203" rel="nofollow">image analysis;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：沉积物运输;雪;风隧道;图像分析; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon" id="literaturereference" style="display:none"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent111">引文网络</h3> <div class="referencetab clearfix"> <ul id="referencedaohang"> <li dataid="referenceul">参考文献</li> <li dataid="citationul">引证文献</li> <li dataid="commonreferenceul">共引文献</li> <li dataid="commoncitationul">同被引文献</li> <li dataid="tworeferenceul">二级参考文献</li> <li dataid="twocitationul">二级引证文献</li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference_details" id="referenceList"> <ul id="referenceul"></ul> <ul id="citationul"></ul> <ul id="commonreferenceul"></ul> <ul id="commoncitationul"></ul> <ul id="tworeferenceul"></ul> <ul id="twocitationul"></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704020651883.html">Wind tunnel observations of weak and strong snow saltation dynamics</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Paterna E.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Paterna E.,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Crivelli P.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Crivelli P.,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lehning M.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Lehning M. </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-34656/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Journal of Geophysical Research. 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