Comparison of Satellite‐Derived Sea Surface Salinity Products from SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP

Bao Senliang; Wang Huizan; Zhang Ren; Yan Hengqian; Chen Jian

摘要

Abstract >Global sea surface salinity (SSS) has been obtained from space since 2009 by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission and has been further enhanced by Aquarius in 2011 and Soil Moisture Active‐Passive (SMAP) missions in 2015. Due to the differences between SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP in the instruments used, retrieval algorithms, and error correction strategies, the quality of their gridded products are different. In this paper, we have assessed the accuracy of three satellite products using in situ gridded data and buoy data. Compared with gridded in situ salinity measurements, the monthly Aquarius data are of the best quality, reaching the mission target accuracy (0.2?PSU) in the open ocean. SMOS and SMAP agree well with in situ data in the open ocean between 40°S and 40°N (root‐mean‐square deviation [RMSD]: SMOS 0.211?PSU, SMAP 0.233?PSU). The RMSD of SMAP is lower than that of SMOS at high latitudes, which may due to the fact that the roughness correction of SMAP is based on the Aquarius geophysical model function. Meanwhile, time series comparison of salinity measured at 1?m by moored buoys indicates that satellite SSS captures variability of SSS at weekly time scales with reasonably good accuracy (RMSD: SMOS 0.25?PSU, SMAP 0.26?PSU), when excluding suspicious buoy data. Synergetic analysis of satellite SSS and Argo data indicates that satellite SSS can be applied as real‐time quality control of buoy 1‐m salinity data. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> >全球海面盐度（SSS）自2009年以来的空间，土壤水分和海洋盐度（SMOS）使命在2011年的水瓶座进一步加强，2015年的土壤湿气主动被动（SMAP）任务。由于SMOS，AQUARIUS和SMAP之间的差异，所使用的仪器，检索算法和纠错战略，他们的网格产品的质量是不同的。在本文中，我们评估了三种卫星产品的准确性，使用原位网格数据和浮标数据。与原位盐度测量的网格相比，月水瓶座数据具有最佳质量，在开阔的海洋中达到任务目标精度（0.2？PSU）。 SMOS和SMAP在40°S和40°N之间的开阔海洋中的原位数据同意（根平均方偏差[RMSD]：SMOS 0.211？PSU，SMAP 0.233？PSU）。 Smap的RMSD低于高纬度的SMOS，这可能是由于SMAP的粗糙度校正基于水瓶座地球物学模型功能。同时，由停机浮标测量的盐度的时间序列比较表明，卫星SSS在每周时间尺度下捕获SSS的可变性，具有相当好的准确度（RMSD：SMOS 0.25？PSU，SMAP 0.26？PSU），不包括可疑浮标数据。卫星SSS和ARGO数据的协同分析表明卫星SSS可以应用于浮标1-M盐度数据的实时质量控制。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-34643/'>《Journal of Geophysical Research, C. Oceans: JGR》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第3期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共13页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Bao Senliang&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Bao Senliang;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wang Huizan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Wang Huizan;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zhang Ren&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zhang Ren;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Yan Hengqian&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Yan Hengqian;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Chen Jian&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Chen Jian;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>College of Meteorology and OceanographyNational University of Defense TechnologyNanjing China;</p> <p>College of Meteorology and OceanographyNational University of Defense TechnologyNanjing China;</p> <p>College of Meteorology and OceanographyNational University of Defense TechnologyNanjing China;</p> <p>College of Meteorology and OceanographyNational University of Defense TechnologyNanjing China;</p> <p>Beijing Institute of Applied MeteorologyBeijing China;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=sea surface salinity&option=203" rel="nofollow">sea surface salinity;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=SMOS&option=203" rel="nofollow">SMOS;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=SMAP&option=203" rel="nofollow">SMAP;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=variation&option=203" rel="nofollow">variation;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：海表面盐度;SMOS;SMAP;变异; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon" id="literaturereference" style="display:none"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent111">引文网络</h3> <div class="referencetab clearfix"> <ul id="referencedaohang"> <li dataid="referenceul">参考文献</li> <li dataid="citationul">引证文献</li> <li dataid="commonreferenceul">共引文献</li> <li dataid="commoncitationul">同被引文献</li> <li dataid="tworeferenceul">二级参考文献</li> <li dataid="twocitationul">二级引证文献</li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference_details" id="referenceList"> <ul id="referenceul"></ul> <ul id="citationul"></ul> <ul id="commonreferenceul"></ul> <ul id="commoncitationul"></ul> <ul id="tworeferenceul"></ul> <ul id="twocitationul"></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704025579855.html">Comparison of Satellite‐Derived Sea Surface Salinity Products from SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Bao Senliang&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Bao Senliang,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wang Huizan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Wang Huizan,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zhang Ren&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Zhang Ren,</a> <a href="/journal-foreign-34643/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Journal of Geophysical Research, C. 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href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=王成杰&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,王成杰</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-4973/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 海洋技术 </a> </span> <span> . 2016</span><span>,第001期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_advances-marine-science_thesis/0201273768421.html">基于Argo的SMAP与SMOS盐度产品质量评估与比对</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=曹凯翔&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 曹凯翔</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=孙伟富&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,孙伟富</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=孟俊敏&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,孟俊敏</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-38484/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 海洋科学进展 </a> </span> <span> . 2019</span><span>,第004期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>6. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-conference-cn_meeting-60424_thesis/020222667614.html">降雨对Aquarius卫星盐度反演的影响研究</a> <b>[C]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=马文韬&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 马文韬</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=杨晓峰&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,杨晓峰</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=于暘&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,于暘</a> <span> <a href="/conference-cn-60424/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 第19届中国遥感大会 </a> <span> <span> . 2014</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>7. </b><a 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