Plant gene expression control using genome- and epigenome-editing technologies

摘要

In this review, we present some specific examples of plant species only where modulation of gene regulation has been achieved via genome-editing and epigenome-editing technologies. Among genome-editing tools used in plants are zinc-finger nucleases inmaize (lea mays L); transcription activator-like effector nucleases in rice (Oryza sativa L), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L); and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9) in O. sativa and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L). A large number of epigenome-editing tools based on small RNAs have been employed for controlling plant gene expression in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), O. sativa, potato {Solanum tuberosum), and Z. mays. RNAi-based tools have been used in A. thaliana; RNAndirected DNA Methylation (RdDM) in A. thaliana; and RdDM involving transge-nically produced exogenous small interfering RNAs in 0. sativa. Site-specific DNA-binding proteins that have been successfully repurposed to function as DNA-binding domains of epigenome-editing tools include zinc-finger proteins, transcription activatorlike effectors, and dead Cas9 complexed with single-guide RNA. Zinc-finger-based epigenome-editing tools have been applied in A. thaliana and 0. sativa; and transcription activator-like effector and dead Cas9-based tools in 0. sativa and A. thaliana, respectively. Targeting-induced-local-lesions-in-genomes approach has beenemployed in muskmelon {Cucumis melo). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were epigenetically modified in A. thaliana and 0. sativa. In vitro tissue culture-based epigenome-editing DNA and/or histone modifications have been achieved in Caribbean agave {Agave angustifolia), Henequen (Agave fourcroydes), A. thaliana, common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), O. sativa, pine (Pinus radiata), and Z. mays.