Antagonists of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in the periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes and smoking

摘要

Abstract Aim This study evaluated the levels of sclerostin ( SOST ) and Dickkopf ( DKK )‐1 in the chronic periodontitis ( CP ) associated with type 2 diabetes ( DM ) and/or smoking. Relationships between SOST , DDK 1, RANKL , OPG , IL ‐1?, IL ‐6 and TNF ‐α, and pathogens were assessed. Material and Methods The study population included non‐diabetic non‐smokers (control), non‐smokers with DM ( DM group), non‐diabetic smokers (S group) and smokers with DM ( SDM group), all with CP . Serum and gingival levels of SOST , DKK 1, RANKL , OPG , IL ‐1?, IL ‐6 and TNF ‐α were evaluated by multiplex immunoassay. Gene expressions of these biomarkers and subgingival levels of pathogens were assessed by qPCR . Results Gingival protein and/or mRNA levels of DKK 1 and SOST were higher in subjects with DM and/or smoking than in controls ( p ??.05). Serum levels of SOST were higher in the DM group than in controls ( p ??.05). DKK 1 positively correlated with SOST in the DM , SDM and control groups ( p ??.05) at mRNA levels. DKK ‐1 and SOST correlated with pathogens, especially in both groups with DM. Conclusions SOST and DKK 1 were upregulated in patients with CP presenting DM and/or smoking. DM , alone or with smoking, particularly influenced the correlations of SOST and DKK 1 with each other and with the other biomarkers mostly at mRNA levels, as well as with periodontal pathogens.