Spirituality: the emperor's new clothes?

摘要

BACKGROUND: This paper explores the concept of 'spirituality' with reference to the Patients' Charter that stipulates that a person's religious, spiritual and cultural needs should be respected at all times. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim is to offer a critical analysis of what the word 'spirituality' may mean when used in the Patients' Charter and to explore the implications of this for clinical practice. DESIGN: A critical discussion based on a literature review, examining in particular methodological presuppositions. METHODS: The meaning of 'spirituality' in the Judaeo-Christian biblical traditions is explored. Some of the heuristic assumptions in contemporary research on 'spirituality' are examined. Philosophical (i.e. non-scientific) and scientific questions to do with 'spirituality' are disentangled. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The paper concludes that: (i) 'Spirituality' is an elastic term not capable of universal definition as each person's spirituality is an individual matter for them and (ii) tools that are being developed for identifying a person's spirituality run the risk of making wrong presuppositions about what comprises spirituality. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is unlikely that tools can be developed that are widely applicable for identifying and assessing spirituality.