Recent rapid progress in teh theoretical and experimental study of turbulence modulation has led to greater understanding of the physics of particle-gas turbulence interactions.A new two-fluid model incorporating these advances for relatively dilute gas-solid upon the particulate stresses is considered in this kinetic theory-based model,and the drag forces contributes to the gas turbulent energy,and the space occupied by particles restricts the turbulent length scale.The interparticle length scale,which is usually igscale.This model also considers the transport effect on the turbulent length scale.Simurange of published experimental data and,generally,good agreement is shown.This comprehensive and validated model accounts for many of the interphase interactions that have been shown to be important.
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