Applying Simulation Models to Analyze Envi Pollution of River Basins in Tropical and Subt Islands

摘要

Many small islands dot the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, such as the Marshall Islands, Maldives, and Trinidad and Tobago. It has been observed that these islands are vulnerable to natural threats which include rise in sea level caused by global warming and other environmental disadvantages inherent to island nations. Most of these developing small islands, which find it hard to retain sustainable development, are in tropical or subtropical regions. Tropical climate and soils are characterized by high intensity rainfalls, e.g. typhoons/hurricanes/cyclones and high soil erodibility, respectively. Extensive land uses in mountainous islands have caused serious soil erosion and massive damages to coral reef ecosystems in coastal areas.The Okinawa Islands and Sakishima Islands in Japan are facing similar problems caused by red soil runoff. Hence, there is a necessity to adopt effective countermeasures against soil erosion in agricultural lands.