Updated developmental norms for fine motor functions as measured by finger tapping speed and the Grooved Pegboard Test

摘要

Assessment of motor function is an essential part of most neuropsychological examinations (Lezak, 2004; Strauss, Sherman, & Spreen, 2006). Early impairments of fine motor function have frequently been linked to central nervous system dysfunction (Dewey, Cantell, & Crawford, 2007; Emck, Bosscher, van Wieringen, Doreleijers, & Beek, 2011; Scharoun, Bryden, Otipkova, Musalek, & Lejcarova, 2013; Vasserman, Bender, & Macallister, 2014) and may predict later cognitive, psycho-social, and physical outcomes (Cairney, Veldhuizen, King-Dowling, Faught, & Hay, 2017; Emck, Bosscher, Beek, & Doreleijers, 2009; Hellgren, Gillberg, Bagenholm, & Gillberg, 1994). Motor impairment is highly prevalent in some neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (for an overview, see van Damme, Simons, Sabbe, & van West, 2015).