Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Central and Eastern European Nations, 1992-2005: A Test of Ecologically Unequal Exchange Theory

摘要

The author engages the theory of ecologically unequal exchange to assess the extent to which growth in per capita anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in Central and East-ern European (CEE) nations is a function of the "vertical flow" of exports to high income nations. Initial results of cross-national fixed effects panel model estimates for 1992 to 2005 indicate that growth in such emissions in these transi-tion economy nations is negatively associated with the verti-cal flow of exports, which contradicts the tested theoretical proposition. However, additional findings indicate that the effect of the vertical flow of exports on emissions have in-creased in magnitude through time, going from being envi-ronmentally beneficial for CEE nations to quickly becoming environmentally harmful and increasingly ecologically un-equal.