Characterization, modeling, and optimization of a single-step process for leaching metallic ions from LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

摘要

This work is focused on modeling and optimization of a single-step process for simultaneous leaching of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn from LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The response surface methodology based on a central composite face-centered design was used to comprehend the effect of the process parameters on the leaching efficiency of metallic ions. Characterization by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the leaching process of spent cathode material was effective. The operating parameters investigated include H2SO4 concentration, H2O2 concentration, and the solid-to-liquid ratio. The leaching efficiency of Li was highly dependent on these independent parameters, while interactions between process parameters were found to significantly affect the leaching efficiencies of Ni, Co, and Mn. 80.2%, 91.5%, 93.2% and 90.3% of the Li, Ni, Co, and Mn, respectively, can be simultaneously recovered from the spent cathode materials considering the economics under optimal conditions. The optimal process could provide an alternative way for the recovery of metals from spent LIBs in industry for considering recycling cost and economic profitability.