A three-level scheme is proposed for the identification of sources of fresh and old petroleum pollution of water bodies and streams, including an optimal complex of simple, available, and highly effective physicochemical techniques, criteria, and sample processing methods ensuring the reliability of conclusions derived from them. The efficiency of application of the proposed methods is illustrated in several water bodies and streams (the Bol'shaya Krepkaya, Tuzlov, Chitinka, and other rivers), which have experienced oil pollution.
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