RESPONSE OF WINTER WHEAT ON LONG-TERM MONOCULTURE IN DIVERSIFIED CONDITIONS OF CHEMICAL PROTECTION

摘要

The appearance of herbicides and fungicides significance in reducing damage in yields of winter wheat cultivated for a 38-46-year monoculture was the purpose of that paper. In 9-year researches (2005-2013) at the Production and Experimental Station inBalcyny near Ostróda town, the response of winter wheat on a 38-46-year monoculture in different conditions of chemical protection of a wheat canopy: 0 - without protection; H - protection from weeds, and HF - protection from weeds and diseases was assessed. The comparative object was winter wheat crop in 6-field crop rotation: sugar beet - maize - spring barley - pea - winter rape -winter wheat. In the case of crop rotation the average yield of winter wheat grains amounted to 7.72 t ha~(-1). The cropin a 38-46-year monoculture has decreased winter wheat yielding by 37% on average. The biggest productivity decline took place on the object without protection - 61%. The application of herbicides has limited the aforementioned decline to 25% while thecombined application of herbicides and fungicides to 27%. Worse yielding of winter wheat in a monoculture are conditioned by thinning out density of ears per 1 m~2, and the decrease of grains weight of an ear and the weight of 1.000 grains.