Complex problems require simple solutions: How to measure bifacial devices correctly?

摘要

Bifaciality is making significant inroads into the PV market. However, besides further technological developments in cost-effective cells, modules and systems, there are still many other issues that need to be addressed. One of the most important of these is the standardization of bifacial measurements for solar cell and modules. This paper summarizes the actions and status in the area of standardization.