Proposal ofSpinulacorpus biforme(Smales, 2014) n. g., n. comb. and the Spinulacorpidae n. fam. to resolve paraphyly of the acanthocephalan family Rhadinorhynchidae Luhe, 1912

摘要

Previous phylogenetic analyses of the Acanthocephala have demonstrated that the families Rhadinorhynchidae Luhe, 1912 and Transvenidae Pichelin & Cribb, 2001 are sister clades. However, a recent study found that the Rhadinorhynchidae is paraphyletic, due to the basal position ofRhadinorhynchus biformisSmales, 2014 relative to the Rhadinorhynchidae + Transvenidae. We reassess these relationships with new single-gene and concatenated phylogenetic analyses utilisingcox1 mtDNA, 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA, including recently available sequences. Although topologies differed among single-gene analyses, the overall results supportR.biformisas representative of a lineage distinct from those of the Rhadinorhynchidae and Transvenidae. Examination of additional specimens ofR.biformisallowed us to identify morphological characters that further support this hypothesis. These results lead us to propose transfer ofR.biformisto a new genus (Spinulacorpusn. g.) and family (Spinulacorpidae n. fam.) to resolve the paraphyly of the Rhadinorhynchidae.