3D follow‐up study of facial asymmetry after developmental dysplasia of the hip

摘要

Structured Abstract Objectives To evaluate the change in facial asymmetry among subjects treated for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) from childhood to adolescence. Setting and sample population A total of 39 adolescents (26 females and 13 males), born and treated for DDH during 1997‐2001, participated in the first examination in 2007 (T1; at the age of 8.2) and in the follow‐up in 2016 (T2; at the age of 16.6). Material and methods In this longitudinal study, three‐dimensional (3D) images were taken using a 3DMD face system based on a stereophotogrammetric method. Facial asymmetry was determined as the average distance (mm) calculated between the original and superimposed mirrored face and the symmetry percentage (%) calculated as the face area where the distance between the original face and the mirrored surface does not exceed 0.5?mm. Results Results showed increased asymmetry from T1 to T2. The average distance increased for whole face (from 0.51?mm to 0.59?mm, P ?=?.001), upper face (from 0.41?mm to 0.49?mm, P ?=?.005), mid‐face (from 0.48?mm to 0.57, P ?=?.002) and lower face (from 0.74?mm to 0.85?mm, P ?=?.147). Facial symmetry percentage decreased for whole face from 61.23% to 55.38% ( P ?=?.011), for upper face from 69.27% to 62.24% ( P ?=?.005) and for mid‐face from 62.29% to 55.63% ( P ?=?.007) and for lower face from 43.37% to 42.19% ( P ?=?.66). Conclusion Facial asymmetry increases from childhood to adulthood in subjects treated for DDH. Orthodontic treatment does not eliminate this asymmetric facial growth.