Social license to operate in the frame of social capital exploring local acceptance of mining in two rural municipalities in the European North

摘要

The social license to operate (SLO) is discussed by practitioners and scholars of the mining industry around the globe, especially in the Australian, Canadian, and U.S. contexts (Karakaya and Nuur, 2018; Mercer-Mapstone et al., 2018). In short, the social license to operate refers to local communities' and other stakeholders' acceptance of extractive industry, for example mining. It concerns the daily operations of companies in their localities - especially in terms of having fair, open, and reciprocal relationships with the local stakeholders (e.g. Boutilier and Thomson, 2011; Thomson and Boutilier, 2011; Prno, 2013; Moffat and Zhang, 2014; Mercer-Mapstone et al., 2018)).