>The use of electric storage is a critical component to the integration of intermittent clean energy technologies on the electric grid. That being said, however, just mentioning Pumped Storage Hydro (PSH) to some stakeholders often unleashes a torrent of criticism of how its use adversely affects riverine and lake aquatic systems. In addition, opponents cite the high cost of PSH as an argument against using PSH as an energy storage technology. This opposition explains, in part, why only 42 PSH projects were built in the United States since 1929 by electric utilities, and public power and water authorities like the New York Power Authority, California Department of Water Resources, and Grand River Dam Authority. 展开▼
