Functional high‐intensity exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes

摘要

New Findings What is the central question of this study ? Does short‐duration, high‐intensity exercise training that combines functional aerobic and resistance exercises into training sessions lasting 8–20?min benefit individuals with type 2 diabetes? What is the main finding and its importance ? Functional high‐intensity training improves insulin sensitivity and reduces cardiometabolic risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This type of exercise training may be an effective exercise mode for managing type 2 diabetes. The increase in insulin sensitivity addresses a key defect in type 2 diabetes. Abstract Functional high‐intensity training (F‐HIT) is a novel fitness paradigm that integrates simultaneous aerobic and resistance training in sets of constantly varied movements, based on real‐world situational exercises, performed at high‐intensity in workouts that range from ～8 to 20?min per session. We hypothesized that F‐HIT would be an effective exercise mode for reducing insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We recruited 13 overweight/obese adults (5 males, 8 females; 53?±?7?years; BMI 34.5?±?3.6?kg?m ?2 , means?±?SD) with T2D to participate in a 6‐week (3?days?week ?1 ) supervised F‐HIT programme. An oral glucose tolerance test was used to derive measures of insulin sensitivity. F‐HIT significantly reduced fat mass (43.8?±?83.8? vs . 41.6?±?7.9?kg; P ??0.01), diastolic blood pressure (80.2?±?7.1? vs . 74.5?±?5.8; P ??0.01), blood lipids (triglyceride and VLDL, both P ??0.05) and metabolic syndrome z ‐score (6.4?±?4.5? vs . ‐0.2?±?5.2?AU; P ??0.001), and increased basal fat oxidation (0.08?±?0.03? vs . 0.10?±?0.04?g?min ?1 ; P ?=?0.05), and high molecular mass adiponectin (214.4?±?88.9? vs . 288.8?±?127.4?ng?mL ?1 ; P ??0.01). Importantly, F‐HIT also increased insulin sensitivity (0.037?±?0.010? vs . 0.042?±?0.010 AU; P ??0.05). Increases in high molecular mass adiponectin and basal fat oxidation correlated with the change in insulin sensitivity (ρ, 0.75, P ??0.05 and ρ, 0.81, P ??0.01, respectively). Compliance with the training programme was 95% and no injuries or adverse events were reported. These data suggest that F‐HIT may be an effective exercise mode for managing T2D. The increase in insulin sensitivity addresses a key defect in T2D and is consistent with improvements observed after more traditional aerobic exercise programmes in overweight/obese adults with T2D.