Esophageal cancer

摘要

INTRODUCTIONEsophageal cancer is a devastating disease, with an overall 5-year mortality that ranges from 80% to 9896. Over the last 3 decades, the incidence of adenocarcinoma has been exponentially increasing in developed countries (in the United States, 20.6%). Staging of esophageal cancer is extremely important, because it helps to differentiate treatment options and outcomes. The main factors that negatively impact prognosis are advanced tumor depth (T stage) and/or nodal involvement (N stage).EUS has become the standard practice for staging esophageal cancer based on the diagnostic accuracy of the test.9'10 Therapeutic impact studies show the benefit of EUS staging in 3 different levels:1. Avoiding unnecessary surgery in patients with advanced disease2. Selecting the patients with nodal involvement for preop-erative therapy3. Identifying patients with early disease for EMR or surgery, depending on the T stage.