Effect of pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation on dead space during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: A randomised crossover study of three different ventilator modes

摘要

BACKGROUNDPressure-controlled inverse inspiratory to expiratory ratio ventilation (PC-IRV) is thought to be beneficial for reducing the dead space volume.OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of PC-IRV on the components of dead space during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP).DESIGNA randomised crossover study of three different ventilator modes.SETTINGA single university hospital from September 2014 to April 2015.PATIENTSTwenty consecutive study participants undergoing RLRP.INTERVENTIONSPatients were ventilated sequentially with three different modes in random order for 30min: volume control ventilation (VCV; inspiratory to expiratory ratio 0.5), pressure control ventilation (PCV; inspiratory to expiratory ratio 0.5) and PC-IRV. Inverse inspiratory to expiratory ratio was adjusted individually by observing the expiratory flow-time wave to prevent the risk of dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESThe primary outcome included physiological dead space (VDphys), airway dead space (VDaw), alveolar dead space (VDalv) and shunt dead space (VDshunt). VDphys was calculated by Enghoff's method. We also analysed respiratory dead space (VDresp) and VDaw using a novel analytical method. Then, VDalv and VDshunt were calculated by VDalv=VDresp-VDaw and VDshunt=VDphys-VDresp, respectively.RESULTSThe VDphys/expired tidal volume (V-TE) ratio in PC-IRV (29.24.7%) was significantly reduced compared with that in VCV (438.5%) and in PCV (35.9 +/- 3.9%). The VDshunt/V-TE in PC-IRV was significantly smaller than that in VCV and PCV. VDaw/V-TE in PC-IRV was also significantly smaller than that in VCV but not that in PCV. There was no significant change in VDalv/V-TE.CONCLUSIONPC-IRV with the inspiratory to expiratory ratio individually adjusted by the expiratory flow-time wave decreased VDphys/V-TE in patients undergoing RLRP.TRIAL REGISTRATIONUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan 000014004.