Collective Systemic Landscape Planning Strategies: Experience in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil*Raquel TardinArchitect and Urbanist, PhD, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Associate Professor, Graduate Programme in Urbanism, PROURB, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

摘要

Without a cohesive plan of development, the growth of cities around the world faces serious planning problems that fail to account for both settlements and nature. This suggests that landscape planning strategies may have a key role in cities' development by providing alternative interventions that contribute to preserving some landscape dynamics and to creating new ones that lead toward sustainable urban development. This chapter presents an interdisciplinary methodological approach that proposes collective systemic landscape planning strategies that consider the relationships between landscape elements and processes related to the urban context, and biophysical and sociocultural dynamics as the basis for creating planning actions and project proposals centered on an open space system as the structuring element of built-up spaces and roadway infrastructure. The city of Paraty, a historical city in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is presented as a case study. Landscape planning is an issue more debated in the literature and practice of developed countries, while developing countries seek more discussion and practical proposals. Landscape planning literature usually focuses on the influence of ecology and sociocultural dynamics in planning thelandscape, but approaches that consider the systemic planning of the landscape, including both dynamics and urban context, are less debated. This chapter intends to contribute to this aspect by presenting a theoretical and practical approach for systemic landscape planning strategies that incorporate a synergistic view of nature and culture in the process of continuous construction of the landscape, while emphasizing the reality of urban growth in developing countries. The study was developed through atechnical analysis of the urban context and biophysical dynamics together with a social participation process. Social participation is believed to establish a fruitful interface with technical analysis with important repercussions for planning strategies. This methodological approach can be applied in other locations.