Kinetics of fatigue crack growth and crack closure effect in long term operating steel manufactured at the turn of the 19 th and 20 th centuries

摘要

Highlights?KFFD based on ΔHdescribe the FCGR more synonymously than da/dN-DK.?The mean stress effect can be neglected in case of the energy description of FCGR.?FCGR results are compared for puddle iron and mild steel (both from 19thcentury).?The crack closure phenomenon play an role in FCGR description of puddle iron.?The fractography studies have been performed.AbstractIn this paper the fatigue crack growth behaviour in structural components from the old 19thcentury structures (e.g. bridges) has been investigated. The delivered material for investigation was extracted from a beam made of puddled iron, commonly used in the 19thcentury. The obtained results from several ancient railway metallic bridges (located in Lower Silesia, Poland) have shown the presence of microstructural degradation processes in puddled iron. The kinetic fatigue fracture diagrams (KFFD) have been obtained for post-operated steel. The problem of crack closure has been involved in fatigue crack growth process during the experiments and its understanding is fundamental for the analysis of stress ratio effects on KFFD. An experimental and numerical approach has been considered for the evaluation of the crack closure/opening forces based on the hysteresis loop deformation. The implemented algorithm in the numerical environment gives promising results in the description of the kinetics of fatigue crack growth of the old metallic materials with consideration of crack closure effects. The problem of fatigue crack growth rate description from the energy point of view has been presented and discussed. The Universal Graph method (based on Dimensional Analysis approach) was used for phenomenological formulation of the kinetic equation.]]>