Aortic Arch Variants: A Practical Guide to Safe and Timely Catheterization

摘要

Background: Variations in aortic arch anatomy have been extensively described from multiple perspectives including gross anatomy, embryology, associated cardiac and other anomalies, early life presentation, and cross-sectional diagnosis. There is however a paucity of literature with an emphasis on safe and timely catheterization, particularly when the variants are found during emergent or other catheter angiographic procedures without benefit of prior cross-sectional vascular imaging. The purpose of this review is to try to fill this gap. Methods: A review of past 1,000 diagnostic and therapeutic catheterizations was performed to identify arch variants, which are presented in order of frequency encountered at our institutions. Results: The variants are presented as illustrations and catheter angiographic images, with emphasis on safe and efficient intraprocedural diagnosis and catheterization. Conclusion: Familiarity with more and less common arch variants, along with low threshold for performance of pigtail aortic arch angiography and comfort in use of general purpose and recurved catheters, will ensure success in the vast majority of encountered variations.