Seasonal assessment and classification of aerosols transported to Lahore using AERONET and MODIS deep blue retrievals

Zafar Qudsia; Zafar Sidra; Holben Brent

摘要

ABSTRACT > Daily measurements of aerosol optical depth ( <fi>τ</fi> ) and ?ngstrom wavelength exponent ( <fi>α</fi> ) acquired from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) are analysed over Lahore?–?an urban city of Pakistan (period: 2010–2014) to investigate contribution of different types of aerosols originating from both local and regional source locations. The obtained annual averages (mean?±?standard deviation) for AERONET retrievals of <fi>τ</fi> (500?nm) and <fi>α</fi> (440–870?nm) are 0.68?±?0.37 (0.08–2.91) and 0.99?±?0.33 (0–1.8), respectively. Of all the sources, 61% are found within Pakistan, 11% in India, 19% in Afghanistan, 6% in Iran and 2% in Saudi Arabia with seasonal contributions of 35, 25, 23 and 17% in pre‐monsoon, monsoon, winter and post‐monsoon, respectively. The bimodal distributions of <fi>α</fi> show dominance of coarse‐mode particles during pre‐monsoon, fine‐mode particles during post‐monsoon and presence of both coarse‐mode and fine‐mode particles during winter and monsoon with winter showing more fine‐mode particles. Two broad classes of aerosols namely desert dust (DD) and biomass burning/urban industrial (BU) are identified with criteria, e.g. <fi>τ</fi> ?≥?0.3 and <fi>α</fi> ?≤?0.75 indicating presence of DD while <fi>τ</fi> ?≥?0.2 and <fi>α</fi> ?≥?1.15 indicating BU. The frequency of occurrence (FOO) of DD and BU aerosols is further identified by applying classification criteria over Aqua‐MODIS deep blue retrievals. The FOO identifies anthropogenic activity on‐going throughout the year, disrupted with DD aerosols only during pre‐monsoon and monsoon. The maximum dust activity </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >气溶胶光学深度的每日测量（<fi在Lahore上分析了从气溶胶机器人网络（AEROONET）和适度分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）中获取的NGSTROM波长指数（<fi>α</ fi>）进行分析 - 在拉合尔（MODIS）（MODIS）进行分析？ - ？一个城市巴基斯坦市（时期：2010-2014）调查不同类型的源自本地和区域源地点的气溶胶的贡献。为<fi>τ</ fi>（500Ω·nm）和<fi>α</ fi>（440-870≤nm）为0.68？ 0.37（0.08-2.91）和0.99？±0.33（0-1.8）。在所有来源中，巴基斯坦的61％在巴基斯坦发现，11％在印度，19％的阿富汗，19％的伊朗6％，沙特阿拉伯2％，季节性贡献35,25,23％和17％，季风普通季度，冬季和季风分别。 <fi>α</ fi>在季风前季葡聚糖中的微型颗粒和冬季和季风在冬季和季风在冬季和季风的存在下，在季隆前，细模颗粒和冬季和季风在冬季和季风的存在下显示粗模式颗粒的优势显示更多的微型粒子。两种广泛的气溶胶类是沙漠粉尘（DD）和生物量燃烧/城市产业（BU）被确定为标准，例如标准。 <fi>τ</ fi>？0.3和<fi>α</ fi>？≤≤0.75，表明在<fi>τ</ fi>的情况下存在dd，≥≤0.2和<fi>α</ fi >？≥1.15表示bu。通过在Aqua-Modis Deep Blue Reptivals上应用分类标准，进一步识别DD和BU气溶胶的发生频率。 Foo识别全年持续的人为活动，仅在季风和季风期间扰乱DD气溶胶。最大的灰尘活动 </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-21026/'>《International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第2期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共19页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zafar Qudsia&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zafar Qudsia;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zafar Sidra&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zafar Sidra;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Holben Brent&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Holben Brent;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Global Change Impact Studies CentreIslamabad Pakistan;</p> <p>School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of NewcastleCallaghan NSW Australia;</p> <p>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Defense &</p> <p>SpaceGreenbelt MD USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1232.html" title="气候学">气候学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=aerosol optical depth&option=203" rel="nofollow">aerosol optical depth;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=?ngstr?m wavelength exponent&option=203" rel="nofollow">?ngstr?m wavelength exponent;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=long‐range transport&option=203" rel="nofollow">long‐range transport;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=AERONET&option=203" rel="nofollow">AERONET;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=HYSPLIT&option=203" rel="nofollow">HYSPLIT;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=MODIS deep blue&option=203" rel="nofollow">MODIS deep blue;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=desert dust/urban‐industrial aerosols&option=203" rel="nofollow">desert dust/urban‐industrial aerosols;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：气溶胶光学深度;？ngstr？m波长指数;远程运输;AeroNet;Hysplit;Modis Deep Blue;沙漠尘埃/城市工业气溶胶; 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