Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades: a review based on observations and simulations

Wang Xuejia; Pang Guojin; Yang Meixue

摘要

ABSTRACT >The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has a significant influence on local, regional, and even global weather and climate systems. Precipitation on the TP plays a critical role in the energy and water cycle and terrestrial ecosystem. This study reviewed recent research progress in precipitation changes in recent decades and explored their mechanisms involved based on observations (meteorological station data and satellite remote sensing data) and simulations [global climate models (GCMs) and downscaling modelling]. Our review suggested that the TP precipitation decreases progressively from southeast to northwest, mainly occurs in summer (June–August), accounting for ～60–70% of annual total, and marginally occurs in winter (December–February), accounting for less than 10%. Diurnal variation of precipitation and convective activity are obvious on the TP. The TP has experienced an overall surface air wetting trend since the 1960s, but with apparent regional and seasonal differences. Projected precipitation on the TP from GCMs and statistical downscaling methods (SDMs) generally increases, while from dynamic downscaling methods (DDMs) slightly increases or even decreases as greenhouse gas emissions continue in the future. Influencing factors such as the TP' and Asian land heating, large‐scale atmospheric circulations, climate warming, aerosols, and land surface conditions all exert prominent but complicated effects on precipitation changes on the TP. More efforts should be made to improve the reliabilities and accuracies of precipitation observational data sets, GCMs, and downscaling modelling. Finally, directions for future research are discussed based on the various means covering high‐quality precipitation observations and more skilful simulations, which are synthetically used to investigate the TP precipitation and its driving mechanisms. It is expected </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> > Tibetan Plateau（TP）具有重要意义对地方，区域，甚至全球天气和气候系统的影响。 TP的降水在能量和水循环和陆地生态系统中起着关键作用。本研究综述了近几十年来降水变化的研究进展，并探讨了基于观察（气象站数据和卫星遥感数据）和模拟[全球气候模型（GCMS）和缩小型建模的机制。我们的评论表明，TP降水从东南到西北部逐渐减少，主要发生在夏季（八月），占年度总数的约60-70％，并在冬季（12月至2月）的初步发生，占少于10％。在TP上显而易见的降水和对流活动的昼夜变异。自20世纪60年代以来，TP已经经历了整体表面空气润湿趋势，但具有明显的区域和季节性差异。从GCMS和统计缩小方法（SDMS）的TP上的投影沉淀通常增加，而从动态缩小方法（DDMS）从未来的温室气体排放持续逐渐增加甚至降低。影响因素如TP'和亚洲土地加热，大规模的大气循环，气候变暖，气溶胶和陆地状况都展现了突出但对TP的降水变化的复杂影响。应采取更多努力来提高降水观测数据集，GCM和缩小建模的可靠性和准确性。最后，基于覆盖高质量降水观察和更明显的模拟的各种手段讨论了未来研究的方向，这些方法在合成上用于研究TP降水及其驱动机制。预计 </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-21026/'>《International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第3期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共16页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wang Xuejia&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Wang Xuejia;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Pang Guojin&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Pang Guojin;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Yang Meixue&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Yang Meixue;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou Gansu China;</p> <p>Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou Gansu China;</p> <p>State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou Gansu China;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1232.html" title="气候学">气候学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Tibetan Plateau&option=203" rel="nofollow">Tibetan Plateau;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=precipitation&option=203" rel="nofollow">precipitation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=variation&option=203" rel="nofollow">variation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=observations&option=203" rel="nofollow">observations;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=simulations&option=203" rel="nofollow">simulations;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：藏高原;降水;变异;观察;模拟; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon" id="literaturereference" style="display:none"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent111">引文网络</h3> <div class="referencetab clearfix"> <ul id="referencedaohang"> <li dataid="referenceul">参考文献</li> <li dataid="citationul">引证文献</li> <li dataid="commonreferenceul">共引文献</li> <li dataid="commoncitationul">同被引文献</li> <li dataid="tworeferenceul">二级参考文献</li> <li dataid="twocitationul">二级引证文献</li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference_details" id="referenceList"> <ul id="referenceul"></ul> <ul id="citationul"></ul> <ul id="commonreferenceul"></ul> <ul id="commoncitationul"></ul> <ul id="tworeferenceul"></ul> <ul id="twocitationul"></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> 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<span> <a href="/conference-cn-20095/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 第四届长三角论坛——气象科技创新与发展分论坛 </a> <span> <span> . 2007</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>7. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-domestic_mphd_thesis/020313198692.html">中国近几十年来温度破纪录事件的蒙特卡罗模拟研究和时空分布特征分析</a> <b>[A] </b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=熊开国&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 熊开国</a> <span> . 2009</span> </span> </div> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120213927895.html">一种用于高原强降水模型试验的模拟装置</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN213985148U </span> <span> . 2021-08-17</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120204880339.html">一种具有防雾功能的高原模拟实验室观察窗</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN204881670U </span> <span> . 2015.12.16</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130403530317.html">Use of Location based functionality, ( Google Maps API) the main use, websites and mobile applications. Having the ability to set a specific radius within apps and websites to ensure reviews of businesses, products, services, locations and individuals can be conducted only by controlled proximity to the business fixed address or location. example: review of a restaurant can only be done if the reviewer using the website and or mobile app is within 500meters of the restaurant location. this will eliminate non accurate reviews.</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  AU2019100994A4 </span> <span> . 2019-10-17</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：使用基于位置的功能（Google Maps API）的主要用途，网站和移动应用程序。能够在应用程序和网站中设置特定半径以确保对业务，产品，服务，位置和个人的评论只能通过受控接近业务固定地址或位置来进行。例如：只有在使用网站和/或移动应用程序的评论者在餐厅位置500米以内的情况下，才可以对餐厅进行评论。这将消除不准确的评论。 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130400965567.html">A Precipitation Prediction Method for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  AU2020101241A4 </span> <span> . 2020-08-06</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：青藏高原的降水预测方法 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130434095571.html">Grooved tile, has plateau, which is flanked by edge rib that is passed into extension rib and arranged in outer cover grooving edge of cover grooving part, and S-shaped rib running over plateau to inner head grooving rib based on edge rib</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  DE202006007417U1 </span> <span> . 2007-10-18</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：开槽的瓷砖具有平台，平台的边缘是边缘肋，该肋进入延伸肋并布置在盖沟槽部分的外盖开槽边缘中，并且S形肋在平台上延伸到基于边缘肋的内部头部开槽肋 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> 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