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High‐resolution precipitation downscaling in mountainous areas over China: development and application of a statistical mapping approach

机译:中国山区的高分辨率降水:统计绘图方法的开发与应用

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ABSTRACT xml:id="joc5162-para-0001"> High‐resolution precipitation distributions in mountainous areas are important for hydrological and ecological assessments, especially in regions with few weather stations. In this study, we proposed an improved model for precipitation downscaling by adding two new parameters, i.e. the maximum precipitation increment direction and the prevailing precipitation direction, which represent the impacts of elevation and the sources of precipitation, respectively. The model parameterization is based on observations made at meteorological stations, terrain factors (e.g. elevation, aspect, and slope), and the new parameters. To evaluate the model, we used six sub‐models, each of which considers different influencing factors, to estimate the precipitation distribution and compare their estimation errors. Based on the mean absolute error ( <fc>MAE</fc> ) and the root‐mean‐square error ( <fc>RMSE</fc> ) at the validation stations, we found that the sixth sub‐model, which includes all the influencing factors, clearly ranks above the others in terms of precipitation downscaling. The monthly <fc>MAE</fc> and the <fc>RMSE</fc> of our downscaled precipitation range from 2.2 to 16.1?mm and from 3.4 to 22.7?mm, respectively, indicating more accurate estimation than the raw tropical precipitation measuring mission ( <fc>TRMM</fc> ) products (monthly <fc>MAE</fc> : 3.6–22.0?mm; monthly <fc>RMSE</fc> : 5.1–28.6%). Our results also show that the sixth sub‐model performs better than the Auto‐Searched Orographic and Atmospheric Effects Detrended Kriging model ( <fc>ASOADeK</fc> model or Guan's model) due to the inclusion of the elevation and the sources of pr </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译:</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml:id =“joc5162-abs-0001”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> < P XML:ID =“JOC5162-PARA-0001”>山区的高分辨率降水分布对于水文和生态评估非常重要,特别是在具有很少的气象站的地区。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种通过添加两个新参数,即最大降水增量方向和普遍的沉淀方向来提高沉淀级级模型,其分别代表升降和沉淀源的影响。模型参数化基于气象站,地形因素(例如海拔,方面和斜坡)和新参数的观察结果。为了评估模型,我们使用了六个子模型,每个子模型都考虑了不同的影响因素,以估算降水分布并比较它们的估计错误。基于验证站的平均绝对误差(<FC> MAE </ FC>)和根均方误差(<FC> Rmse </ Fc>),我们发现第六个子模型,包括所有影响因素,在降水较低的方面明显排名在其他因素之上。每月<fc> mae </ fc>以及我们的次要降水量的<fc> Rmse </ fc>分别从2.2到16.1?mm和3.4到22.7Ωmm,表示比原始热带降水更准确的估算测量任务(<FC> TRMM </ FC>)产品(每月<FC> MAE </ FC>:3.6-22.0?mm;每月<FC> RMSE </ FC>:5.1-28.6%)。我们的结果还表明,由于包含高程和PR来源,第六个子模型比自动搜索的地形和大气效果更好地表现优于自动搜索的地形和大气效应(<FC> ASOADEK </ FC> Model或Guan的模型) </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-21026/'>《International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第1期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共17页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zhu Xiaochen&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zhu Xiaochen;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Qiu Xinfa&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Qiu Xinfa;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zeng Yan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zeng Yan;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Ren Wei&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Ren Wei;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Tao Bo&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Tao Bo;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Pan Hong&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Pan Hong;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Gao Ting&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Gao Ting;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Gao Jiaqi&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Gao Jiaqi;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>School of Geography and Remote SensingNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing China;</p> <p>College of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing China;</p> <p>Climate Center of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Meteorological BureauNanjing China;</p> <p>Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexington KY USA;</p> <p>Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexington KY USA;</p> <p>School of Cultural Industry and Tourism ManagementSanjiang UniversityNanjing China;</p> <p>Zhejiang Meteorology Information Networks CenterZhejiang Meteorological BureauHangzhou China;</p> <p>College of Atmospheric ScienceNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing China;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1232.html" title="气候学">气候学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=precipitation downscaling&option=203" rel="nofollow">precipitation downscaling;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=mountainous areas&option=203" rel="nofollow">mountainous areas;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=statistical mapping&option=203" rel="nofollow">statistical mapping;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=prevailing precipitation direction ( PPD )&option=203" rel="nofollow">prevailing precipitation direction ( PPD );</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=maximum precipitation increment direction ( MPID )&option=203" rel="nofollow">maximum precipitation increment direction ( MPID );</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=TRMM 3B43&option=203" rel="nofollow">TRMM 3B43;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译:降水缩小;山区;统计映射;普遍的降水方向(PPD);最大降水增量方向(MPID);TRMM 3B43; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> 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