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Determining optimal water and nitrogen management under different initial soil mineral nitrogen levels in northwest China based on a model approach

机译:基于模型方法的西北地区不同初始土壤矿物氮水平确定最佳水和氮气管理

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Determining the best management practices (BMPs) under different initial soil mineral N (ISMN) levels is helpful to improve water and N use efficiencies (WUE, NUE) and protect the environment. In this study, a two-year field experiment of spring maize was conducted from 2014 to 2015 in northwest China. Five treatments were designed, including one local farmer practice (I480-4N280, 280 kg N ha(-1) fertilizer and irrigated 480 mm with four irrigation events) and four conservation treatments (I420-4N200, I420-5N200, I420-6N200 and I420-7N200, standing for 200 kg N ha(-1) fertilizer and irrigated 420 mm with four to seven irrigation events, respectively). Measured yield, leaf area index, soil water content and soil nitrate concentration were used to evaluate a soil-crop model (WHCNS, soil Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator), which was then used to simulate the effects of water and N management practices on water consumption, N fates, and crop growth. Then, the integrated index considering the agronomic, economic, and environmental impacts was simulated using 35,100 combinations of irrigation and fertilizer N scenarios, which were designed to develop BMPs under different ISMN levels (ranging from 0 to 625 kg N ha(-1) in a 1.8 m-soil profile) and seasons of weather data (from 2001 to 2015). Results showed I420-5N200 was the best with a high yield, WUE and NUE, and low N loss among five treatments. The optimal irrigation amount (ranging from 350 - 600 mm) was related to precipitation amount. The optimal N rate decreased linearly with the increase of ISMN when ISMN was < 384 kg ha(-1), and reached a plateau (0 kg N ha(-1)) when ISMN was > 384 kg ha(-1). In this study, we developed a simple linear model to determine the best N application rates under different ISMNs. This method is important to help farmers achieve multiple goals of high yield, resource conservation and reduced environmental impacts simultaneously.
机译:确定不同初始土壤矿物质N(ISMN)水平下的最佳管理实践(BMP)有助于改善水和N使用效率(WUE,NUE)并保护环境。在这项研究中,2014年至2015年在中国西北部进行了两年的春玉米实验。设计了五种治疗方法,包括一项本地农民实践(I480-4N280,280公斤,280千克(-1)肥,灌溉480毫米,480毫米,四个灌溉事件(I420-4N200,I420-5N200,I420-6N200和I420-6N200 I420-7N200,抵达200千克HA(-1)肥,分别灌溉420毫米,分别有四到七个灌溉事件)。测量产率,叶面积指数,土壤含水量和土壤硝酸盐浓度用于评估土壤 - 作物模型(WHCN,土壤水热碳氮模拟器),然后用于模拟水和N管理实践对水的影响消费,n命运和作物生长。然后,考虑到农艺,经济和环境影响的综合指数采用了35,100种灌溉和肥料N场景来模拟,旨在在不同的ISMN水平下开发BMP(从0到625公斤(-1) 1.8米土壤剖面)和天气数据季节(从2001年到2015年)。结果表明,I420-5N200是最佳的产量,WUE和NUE,五种治疗中的低损失。最佳灌溉量(范围从350-600 mm)与沉淀量有关。当ISMN <384 kg HA(-1)时,最佳N速率随着ISMn的增加而导入,并且当ISMN为384kg HA(-1)时达到平台(0kg n ha(-1))。在这项研究中,我们开发了一个简单的线性模型,以确定不同的ISMN下的最佳N应用率。这种方法对于帮助农民同时实现高产,资源保护和环境影响降低的多项目标是重要的。

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