Platinum (Pt) is a widely used industrial catalyst for automobile catalytic converters and hydrogen fuel cells. It is also a key component in microelectronics. The platinum metal is rare and hence has high-raw material prices. Material engineers hence try to use it sparingly as a thin layer on substrate. As such, engineers work to control the deposition process to obtain a uniform, single layer of atom. Unfortunately, platinum deposition is not easy to achieve. To drive the deposition of the platinum on a gold surface in an aqueous solution, a voltage is applied. The inherent disadvantage of the above method is that, it leads to the formation of rough and patchy surface instead of an even and smooth layer of platinum due to the fact that platinum tends to attach to any defects on the gold surface in an aqueous solution rather than the gold itself.
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