Significance of research.

摘要

The development of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans is the most important factor differentiating the human being from other species. Intelligence is the most important result of evolution of the CNS in humans. However, human intelligence is not a static factor, having evolved during the historical progression of cultural factors and educational systems. Since the Middle Ages, universities have been the most dominant open-society institutions to regulate intellectual influences, share scientific knowledge and values, and promote research in natural sciences. Research is particularly important in contemporary neurosurgery and neurological sciences with regard to the development of new techniques and testing of the acquired knowledge of the CNS. Research activities in neuroscience and neurosurgery have especially involved anatomical and functional aspects. However, advances in molecular biology and genetics have been remarkably effective in research activities in neurosciences. Such progress will help us to understand nature, environment and humans. Of course, research is now a domain of method, organisation and financial gain. The dedication, heroism and creativity which used to be the driving forces behind scientific research are now diminishing in value and are a source of controversy.