Neurocognitive Disorders in DSM-5.

摘要

The introduction of the diagnosis "mild neurocognitive disorder" is the crucial change in the diagnostic criteria for the neurocognitive disorders chapter of DSM-5 (previously entitled "Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders" in DSM-IV) (1). Except in the case of delirium, the first step in the diagnostic process will be to differentiate between normal neurocognitive function, mild neurocognitive disorder (mild NCD), and major neurocognitive disorder (major NCD or dementia). The second step will be to assign an etiological category, such as Alzheimer's NCD, vascular NCD, or frontotemporal NCD. Although neurocognitive dysfunction in older adults is usually analogous in the clinician's mind to learning and memory problems, DSM-5 also includes complex attention, executive function, language, perceptual motor problems, and social cognition among the neurocognitive domains that can be impaired by an NCD.